施工中人因差错调查

Investigation of Human Errors during Construction

人因差错是造成建筑工程施工事故的主要原因之一。目前国内建筑行业由于实际施工操作人员大多是农民工,对他们的技术培训常常是不够的,再加上部分施工企业管理水平较低,造成在施工中人因差错屡屡发生。要研究施工中人因差错发生的规律及其影响,首先必须对施工中的人因差错进行有效的调查。在重点介绍直接调查法和问卷调查法的含义、操作要点、优缺点与相应措施的基础上,笔者通过案例分析,探讨了在实际调查工作中如何有效地运用这些调查方法,获得人因差错真实准确的数据资料,为研究施工中人因差错发生的规律及其影响打好基础。最后以调查得到的混凝土施工中人因差错发生与影响的一些规律为依据,笔者提出了有关人因差错建模的建议。

One of the main causes for accidents in construction industry is hr..an error. At present, most of workers in construction industry are rural migrant workers in cities, whose pre-occupational training is insuffi- cient. In addition the management in part of construction enterprises is rather poor. These factors make the human error frequently happened during construction. In order to investigate the occurrence regularity and the impact d human error, effective survey must be conducted. Two methods namely the naturalistic method and the questionnaire study are compared in tems of definition, operation steps, advantage, shortcming and countermeasure. According to case study, how to use effectively these methods in real survey is discussed to obtain real and accurate data of human errors, ,which should be the fundamental works to improve the human errors condition. Finally, based on sate obtained roles of the occurrence and impact of human errors during construction of concrete structure, suggestions about modeling of human errors are made.