基于人的认知可靠性(HCR)模型的人因操作失误研究

Study on Erroneous Operation due to Human Factor Based on Human Cognitive Reliability(HCR) Model

以人的认知可靠性(HCR)模型为指导,选择包含技能型、规则型和知识型3种认知类型,结合大连化工集团公司影响运行安全的17个异常事件,对54名操纵员的时间响应状况和允许操作时间进行录像、记录与分析;依据IAEA提供的指标[1],找出操纵员在生产过程中可能出现的操作失误类别及其可能造成的危害;基于3参数威布尔模型推导出操纵员操作响应失误概率模型,并从人机工程学角度提出了具体预防事故的安全对策措施。结果表明,基于HCR模型的大化集团公司操纵员的人因操作失误模型实用、有效,为实现操作者与机器系统相协调的目标、正确评估操作着实时操作的响应时间提供了重要参考依据。

Based on human cognitive reliability （HCR） model, 3 cognition pattems, including the skillbased, role-based, and knowledge-based groups were chosen and 17 abnomal events which affected greatly the safety of Dalian Chemical Industrial Group Corporation were investigated. The response time and conditions of 54 operators were video-recorded and analyzed. According to the indexes provided by IAEA the potential operating errors in the course of the production of this plant and their potential harms were sorted out. Employee＇ s operation response errors probability model was put forward based on Weibull model with three parameters. The security measures were introduced from view of ergoncmics. The results show that the human operation error model based on HCR was practical and effective. This model is of significance in harmonizing operators with operation system and accurately evaluating the real time operating response time of the operator as well.