非畅流流域跨界水污染纠纷管理模型研究

Study on managemental model of transboundary water pollution dissensions of blocked river basin

结合我国流域的非畅流特点,提出了流域各地区作为独立决策单元、污染物人为调控和地区间污染物间接不影响等几个基本假设,构建了我国流域跨界水污染描述模型.分析了我国目前正在执行的污染物削减指令配额模型的优缺点,提出用行政、税收、排污权交易等手段解决我国日益严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷问题,为此建立了合作协调模型、税收宏观调控模型、排污权交易宏观调控模型.通过对淮河流域跨界水污染纠纷的具体应用分析了各种管理模型的资源利用效率.最后,通过各种管理模型的对比分析,指出选择合适的管理模型应与流域的实际情况相匹配.

Several basic assumptions have been supposed combining the Chinese blocked river basin＇s character, including that every region of the river basin is assumed to be a decision-maker, pollutant discharge and distribution of a river basin is highly controlled by man, and pollutant of upstream region only influences middlestream region＇ environmental quality directly, but does not influence downstream region＇ s, etc. The model of description of transboundary water pollution is also brought forward on the basis of the above assumptions. Advantage and disadvantage of model of appointed quota of pollution reduction have been analyzed, which is now adopted by the administration of the river basin, such as the State Environmental Protection Agency of China （SEPAC）. Model of cooperation and reallocation, model of macroscopical regulation by means of tax, and model of macroscopical regulation by means of emissions trading are brought forward in order to solve the Chinese serious transboundary water pollution dissensions among the regions in one river basin. Efficiency of four managemental models has been analyzed through application to Huaihe River Basin. The final conclusion is that the right choice of management model should match with actual circumstances of river basin by comparing the four management models in the end.