汉语人名地名音译词的“义溢出”现象探析

A Probe into the Phenomena of "Meaning Overflow" of Chinese Transliteration in Person Names and Place Names

汉语对外国人名、地名的翻译,一般采用音译。由于汉语本身的特殊性,其音译只能借助汉字,因此汉语人名、地名音译词的“义溢出”现象不可避免。本文就这一有趣现象的三个方面即人名中的姓名义溢出、人名中的性别义溢出及人名、地名中的褒贬义溢出分别作了探讨,并简要分析了拼音文字之间的音译和西方语言与汉语之间的音译存在的差异。

When it comes to the translation of the names of foreign people and places,transliteration is usually involved in Chinese. Given the innate peculiarities of Chinese, people can only employ Chinese Characters in doing it. Consequently, the phenomena of ＂meaning overflow＂ in Chinese transiteration of person names becomes inevitable. This article probes respectively into three aspects of the interesting phenomena, namely, meaning overflow of surnames and given names, gender meaning overflow of person names, and, commendatory and derogatory meaning overflow in both person names and place names. The writer also makes a brief analysis on the differences between transliteration among alphabetic languages and that of Occidental languages and the Chinese language.