新古典模型中收入和财富分配持续不平等的动态演化

Dynamics of Income and Wealth Distribution in a Neoclassical Growth Model

本文讨论了当个人劳动能力和偏好存在差异的情况下，资本收入和劳动收入分配的差异如何通过遗产机制影响收入和财富分配的持续性不平等程度。论文分析表明：在偏好、个人劳动能力和个人收入的随机冲击的影响下，如果市场是完善的，整个经济系统存在收入和财富分配的稳定不平等状态，而且，这种稳定的不平等状态与初始的财富分配的不平等和一次性的产权配置都是无关的。最后，本文分析了资本收入税和劳动收入税对持续不平等程度的影响，通过分析指出：从长期来看，在劳动能力和初始财富存在差异而偏好没有差异的情况下，征收劳动收入税比征收资本收入税更有利于改善由于能力差异所造成的持续不平等。

This paper analyzes how inequality of labor and capital income influences persistent inequality in total income or wealth through the inheritance mechanism. The main result of the paper is that there exists a steady persistent inequality of income or wealthy in the economy in the long run if the shocks to personal preference, ability, and luck are random and the market is perfect. The paper also proves that the steady persistent inequality is independent of the original wealth distribution. Moreover, capital tax and wage tax have different effects on the persistent inequality, and in the long run wage tax is more effective in reducing the persistent inequality.