亲子沟通问题与青少年社会适应的关系

The Relationship between Parent-adolescent Communication Problems and Adolescents' Social Adjustments

从北京市一所普通中学、济南市一所重点中学选取887名初一至高三学生为被试,采取匿名的方式让被试报告与父母之间存在的沟通问题,以及自己的社会适应情况,以此探讨亲子沟通问题与青少年社会适应的关系。结果发现:(1)总体上,青少年报告的亲子沟通问题并不是很多。在9项亲子沟通问题中,排在第一位的问题是行为约束,排在最后一位的问题是缺乏信任。除高二和高三学生外,男女生,以及初一到高一学生的情况基本与总体相似;(2)男生报告的缺乏分享明显多于女生,而在9个方面的亲子沟通问题均存在明显的年级差异,且随年级升高呈现倒U型发展趋势,在缺乏分享方面,初二学生的得分最高,而其余8个方面均为初三的学生得分最高;(3)所有亲子沟通问题均与青少年的自尊呈显著负相关,与抑郁、社交焦虑和问题行为呈显著正相关;(4)亲子沟通问题的不同方面可以预测不同方面的青少年社会适应,但对自尊和抑郁的预测作用超过对社交焦虑和问题行为的预测作用。

887 students selected from the 7^th to 12^th grades of an in Jinan were asked to fill a questionnaire anonymously average middle school in Beijing and a key middle school to explore the relationship between parent-adolescent communication problems and adolescents＇ social adjustment. The results showed that （1）on the whole, parent-adolescent communication problems reported by adolescents were not very much. Among the 9 parent-adolescent communication problems, behavior restriction was the problem of the most and lack of trust was the problem of the least. The situation of boys and girl, and from senior 1 to junior 1, but not senior 2 and 3, which were similar to the whole ; （2） Lack of sharing reported by boys was more than that reported by girls significantly. Eight parent-adolescent communication problems existed significant difference among classes, which appeared a reversed U-shape relationship between classes and communication problems, and junior 3 students reached the summit. （3） All correlations of parent-adolescent communication problems and adolescents＇ social adjustment reached significance. Negative correlations existed in parentadolescent communication problems and adolescents＇ self-esteem. Positive correlations existed in parent-adolescent communication problems and adolescents＇ depression, social anxiety, problem behaviors. （4） Different kinds of parentadolescent communication problems predicted different aspects of adolescents＇ social adjustment. The prediction effects to self-esteem and depression were greater than the prediction effects to social anxiety and problem behavior.