日本最高法院的少数意见制

The Dissenting-Opinion System in the Supreme Court of Japan

少数意见制主要是英美法系国家采行的一项裁判制度,日本战后受美国的影响,将少数意见制移入其大陆法系司法制度的母体之中。日本法院法规定,最高法院各法官必须在裁判书上表示自己的意见。关于最高法院少数意见表示制度,日本法律界曾经意见分歧很大,但经过近六十年运行,其长处充分显现,已获得定型化。少数意见制与整个司法制度是相符合的,将少数意见制引入我国将促进宪法的进一步贯彻实施,深化司法改革。考虑到目前在全国普遍实施的条件还不成熟,以及各级法院地位和作用的差异,在具体的操作步骤上,可从最高人民法院审判委员会开始实行。

As a judicature system implemented mainly in Anglo-Saxon legal system, the dissenting-opinion system has been transplanted into Japanese judicial system after the World War II. The court law of Japan prescribed that the judges of the supreme court shall express their opinion in judgment. Japanese jurists had divergence on the dissenting-opinion system, however, after nearly 60 years exercise, the system has fixed and its advantages have manifested. The dissenting-opinion system is conformable to the judicial system and should be introduced into China to accelerate the execution of the constitution and deepen the judicial reform. Considering the immatureness of exerting condition and difference among courts of distinguished level, the judicial committee in the supreme people＇s court may be the initial body of the dissenting-opinion system.