不同类型特发性室性心动过速的临床特点及射频消融治疗

Clinical features of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia of various types and their radiofrequency ablation therapy

目的回顾性分析不同类型特发性室性心动过速(IVT)患者的临床特点及射频消融治疗情况。方法165例IVT病人,根据心电图特征,采用心脏内“起源处”分类方法,其中右室流出道IVT86例,平均年龄[36±12(18￣56)]岁,男26例,女60例。左室间隔IVT75例,平均年龄[26±15(16￣45)]岁,男54例,女21例。左冠窦IVT4例,年龄分别为(22、40、45、70)岁,男2例,女2例。所有病人均接受导管射频消融手术治疗。结果右室流出道IVT男∶女=1∶2.3;左室间隔IVT男∶女=2.6∶1。左室间隔IVT发病年龄较右室流出道IVT更为年青(P<0.01)。IVT发作时心电图形态:右室流出道IVT均为左束支阻滞图形,30例主要表现为频发短阵IVT;左室间隔IVT均为右束支阻滞图形,多表现为持续性IVT,仅4例表现为频发短阵IVT;左冠窦IVT均为不典型束支阻滞图形,额面电轴向下,3例于V3过渡为“R”,1例于V2过渡为“R”,表现为频发室性早搏和短阵IVT。右室流出道IVT均为起搏标测消融,治疗成功率100%,4例复发,再次消融成功;左室间隔IVT以激动标测时最早的P电位为消融靶点,治疗成功率95%,5例复发,3例再次消融成功,2例拒绝再次手术;左冠窦IVT均为起搏标测消融成功。结论IVT主要见于青壮年。右室流出道IVT多见于女性,而左室间隔IVT多见于男性。射频消融治疗是根治IVT的有效方法。左室间隔IVT常为持续性,主要在激动标测时消融;而右室流出道IVT和左冠窦IVT多表现为频发短阵IVT和室性早搏,多采用起搏标测消融。左冠窦IVT相对较为少见,当IVT呈不典型束支阻滞图形,特别是胸前导联R波在V2、V3迅速过渡时,应考虑左冠窦IVT的可能。

Objective To analyze the clinical features idiopathic ventricular tachycardia （IVT） and evaluate the effect of radiofi＇equency ablation therapy for their management. Methods An retrospective analysis was conducted in 165 IVT patients who received radiofi＇equency ablation therapy. IVT was classified into 3 types according to the site of origin, namely the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT-IVT, 86 cases）, left ventricular septum （LV-IVT, 75 cases）, and left Valsalva sinus （4 cases）. Results and Conclusion RVOT-IVT was more fi＇equent in female patients than in male patients （60 vs 26, M/F ratio of 0.43）. In LV-IVT, male patients prevailed （54 vs 21, M/F ratio of 2.57）, suggesting a gender difference in the incidence of IVT. IVT occurred mainly in young and middle-age patients. Most RVOT-IVT occurred in the third to fourth decade of life （mean 36± 12 years）, and LV-IVT occurred at a younger age than did RVOT-IVT （mean 26±15 years, P〈0.01）. Twelve-lead ECGs revealed left bundle branch block morphology in RVOT-IVT, and most of them presented with frequent premature ventricular contraction and/or non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. All the RVOT-IVT patients were successfully ablated by radiofrequency energy in pace mapping. LV-IVT patients with right bundle branch block morphology presented sustained ventricular tachycardia for most of the time, and 97% of the patients were successfully managed with radiofrequency ablation in activation mapping. Four IVT patients were characterized by atypical bundle branch block, an inferior axis, and an R/S ratio 〉 1 in lead V3 or V2, and their tachycardia was ablated successfully in the left sinus of Valsalva using pace mapping. Radiofrequency ablation is currently an effective procedure for IVT management.