学龄前儿童视觉发育的研究进展

Visual function development in preschool children

了解学龄前儿童视觉发育特点及视功能检查方法,及时发现患儿视功能障碍,掌握最佳治疗时机。视功能检测大体可分为两类:一种为心理物理方法,另一种为客观检查法。①学龄前儿童视力检测分为定性和定量检查或电生理方法[如视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential,VEP)]等。②对立体视的检查方法有Titmus偏振光立体图、颜少明立体视检查图及随机点立体图、计算机立体觉检测和视差诱发电位(disparity evoked potentials,DEP)检测法等。③分析综述国内外常见眼病如斜视、弱视的最新动向和研究现状。学龄前儿童视觉发育具有规律性和特殊性,采用适合于各年龄段视觉功能检测手段进行筛查和检查,才能真正落实早期发现和早期干预,提高儿童眼病的防治水平。

To review the characteristics of visual function development in preschool children, To summarize visual function measurement, visual disorders,and reasonable treatment protocols. Visual function tests can be divided into two types：subjective methods and objective methods such as electrophysiological examination, （1）There are different quantitative and qualitative methods for testing visual acuity and the type of test depends on the age of the child. （2）The Wirt test, disparity evoked potentials （DEP） and other tests can be used to measure stereopsis. （3）Some tests have been updated to improve the ease of administering the test and to develop better testing methods. It is concluded that only after clinicians are. familiar with the Characteristics of visual function development and use appropriate testing methods,caa they identify visual disorders in preschool patients early enough for treatment to be effective.