利用自动照相术获得天山雪豹拍摄率与个体数量

Camera trapping of snow leopards for the photo capture rate and population size in the Muzat Valley of Tianshan Mountains

采用红外线自动照相机记录雪豹的活动和个体数量,这在国内尚属首次。野外调查开始于2005年10月18日,至12月27日结束。累计野外工作71d,共布设36台红外照相机,约2094个照相日,50256h,收回胶卷71个。在新疆天山托木尔峰自然保护区内5个峡谷的16个地点成功拍摄到清晰雪豹照片约32张,平均拍摄率或“捕获率”达1.53%。根据照片个体斑纹分析和“雪后痕迹调查”(SignSurveyAfterSnowing)的信息,确定在250km2范围内有5-8只雪豹活动,个体的日活动距离3-10km/d,其最低分布密度为2.0-3.2只/100km2。还拍摄到其它野生动物照片22张,如北山羊、野猪、草兔、石鸡、赤狐等。另外,还调查样线20条,搜集粪样和毛发样品计31个。

The main purpose of this work was to study the use of infrared trapping cameras to estimate snow leopard Uncia uncia population size in a specific study area. This is the first time a study of this nature has taken place in China. During 71 days of field work, a total of 36 cameras were set up in five different small vales of the Muzat Valley adjacent to the Tomur Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province, E80°35′ -81°00′ and N42°00′ - 42°10′, elevation 2 300 - 3 000 m, from 18 th October to 27 th December 2005. We expended approximately 2 094 trap days and nights total （c. 50 256 hours）. At least 32 pictures of snow leopards, 22 pictures of other wild species （e. g. , chukor, wild pig, ibex, red fox, cape hare） and 72 pictures of livestock were taken by the passive CamTrakker （CT） trail monitor in about 16 points of the Muzat Valley. The movement distance of snow leopard was 3 - 10 km/day. And the capture rate or photographic rate of snow leopard was 1.53%. Meanwhile, 20 transects were run and 31 feces sample were collected. According to 32 photos, photographic rate and sign survey after snowing on the spot, there were about 5- 8 individuals of snow leopards in the research area, and the minimum density of snow leopard in Muzat Valley was 2.0- 3.2 individuals/100 km^2. We also observed the behavior of ibex for 77.3 hours, and found about 20 groups and a total of approximately 264 ibexes in the research area EActa Zoologica Sinica 52 （4） ： 788 - 793, 2006].