黑龙江省三江自然保护区狍对冬季卧息地的选择

Winter Bedding Site Selection by the Roe Deer(Capreolus capreolus) in Sanjiang National Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province,China

研究黑龙江三江自然保护区狍冬季卧息地的选择性结果表明,狍昼间偏好选择位于岛状林和芦苇丛、覆盖度>10%、当年生枝条数>30枝、隐蔽级90%—99%、距水源距离<400m、距农田距离<500m、保温性>0.2℃、雪深>31cm、人为干扰距离>1000m等生境因子的卧息地;狍夜间偏好选择位于岛状林、覆盖度>10%、当年生枝条数>30枝、隐蔽级为<90%、距水源距离<700m、距农田距离>500m、保温性>0.2℃、雪深>31cm、人为干扰距离>1000m等生境因子的卧息地。狍昼间与夜间卧息地在是否刨走积雪等松软物质、距农田距离、雪深、人为干扰距离和卧息地宽度上差异显著(P<0.05)。与夜间卧息地相比,狍昼间偏爱的卧息地具有接近农田、雪覆盖深和卧息地宽度较小等特征。狍对昼间卧息地资源选择函数为logit(P)=-13.999-0.446×植被类型-0.003×距水源距离-0.003×距农田距离+0.915×保温性+0.487×雪深+0.001×人为干扰距离,选择概率为P=elogit(P)/1+elogit(P),模型的正确预测率为90.9%;狍对夜间卧息地资源选择函数为logit(P)=-0.009-1.863×植被类型-0.004×距水源距离+0.946×保温性+0.002×人为干扰距离,选择概率为P=elogit(P)/1+elogit(P),模型的正确预测率为91.8%。

Winter bedding sites used by the roe deer Capreolus capreolus were studied using a resource selection function in the wetland of Sanjinag National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, from January to March 1999. Site characteristics were measured at the bedding sites and control sites. Roe deer selected diurnal bedding sites with island forest and clumps of reeds, denser canopy closure （ 〉 10% ）, higher numbers of new shoots （ 〉 30 individuals）, moderate hiding cover （90% - 99%）, closer to water resources （ 〈 400 m）, closer to croplands （ 〈 500 m）, higher temperate index （ 〉 0.2 ℃ ）, deeper snow （ 〉 31 cm） and farther from human disturbance （ 〉 1 000 m）. At night, roe deer preferred bedding below island forests, denser canopy closure （ 〉 10%）, higher numbers of new shoots （ 〉 30 individuals）, mild hiding cover （ 〈 90%）, moderate distance from water resources （ 〈 700 m）, farther from croplands （ 〉 500 m）, higher temperate index （ 〉 0.2 ℃） and farther from human disturbance （ 〉 1 000 m）. Roe deer showed significant differences in use of scraped beds by deer, distance from cropland, snow depth, distance from human disturbance and width of beds between day and night. Day beds were associated with closer proximity to cropland, deeper snow and were narrower than night beds. The resource selection function of day beds used by roe deer is a logistical regression model ： logit （ P ） = - 13. 999 - 0.446x vegetation type - 0. 003x distance from water resource - 0. 003x distance from cropland ＋ 0. 915x temperate index ＋ 0. 487x snow depth ＋ 0. 001x distance from human disturbance. The selection probability is therefore ： P=e^logit（p）/1＋e^logit（p）. The model correctly classified 90.9% of day bed sites. The resource selection function of night beds by roe deer is ： logit （ P ） = - 0.009 - 1. 863 x vegetation type - 0. 004 x distance from water resource ＋ 0. 946 x temperate index ＋ 0.002 x distance from human disturbance. We can estimate the selection probability from this model： P=e^logit（p）/1＋e^logit（p）. This model correctly classified 91.8% of night bed sites.