美国国际战略的国内根源

Domestic Sources of American International Strategy

美国国际战略的拟定、调整和演变是多种国际和国内因素合力作用的结果。从国内因素来看,现实主义与理想主义之间的理念辩论、共和党与民主党之间的政党斗争、不同地区民意取向之间的较量是影响美国战略调整的重要变量。美国在建国初期和两次世界大战结束之后对国际战略作出的基本定位或重大调整,是考察国内因素与国际因素如何在美国对外战略决策中关联并互动的重要时期。国内变量与国际变量互动的规律和模式,则为把握未来美国对外战略调整的可能走向提供了一种指南。

The making, changing, and evolution of American international strategy result form both international and domestic factors. From the international perspective, the distribution of power and the pattern of threats are the two main variables defining American international strategy. From the domestic perspective, three variables play a main part in the orientation of American strategic adjustment. They are guiding principle debate between realism and idealism, partisan rivalry between the Republican and the Democratic, and competition of public priorities among different areas. Founding fathers of the United Slates set up a long-term primary position with regard to American international strategy in the early days of its foundation, and the U.S. attempted two times to change it after the First and Second World Wars respectively. These three periods are critical for us to examine how domestic and international variables interlink in the process of American strategic adjustment. The pattern of interlink between domestic and international factors can serve as a guide for us to predict scenarios of future strategic adjustment of the United States.