两类噪声作业工人个体噪声暴露特点的观察

Difference in Personal Noise Exposure Levels between Workers Exposure to Continuous and Non-continuous Noise

[目的]观察和比较接触稳态噪声和非稳态噪声工人个体之间、工作日之间个体噪声暴露的特点和规律。[方法]应用噪声个体计量仪分别测量了4名细纱车间挡车工(稳态噪声)和4名机械加工车间工人(非稳态噪声)3个工作日(班次)的个体噪声暴露,用工作期间的8h等效声级(LAeq.8h)作为评价指标。[结果]两组工人个体噪声暴露的时间图显示其工作环境噪声性质分别为典型的稳态噪声和非稳态噪声。稳态噪声组12人次个体噪声暴露的LAeq.8h最大、最小值和差值分别为99.2、92.8和6.4dB(A);非稳态噪声组相应数值为89.9、83.1和6.8dB(A)。稳态噪声组每名工人3个班次个体噪声暴露均数的最大值和最小值为(98.0±1.1)、(94.3±1.5)dB(A),非稳态噪声组为(87.9±1.0)、(85.1±1.5)dB(A)。稳态噪声组4名工人每个班次个体噪声暴露均数的最大值和最小值为(96.6±1.9)、(95.8±2.0)dB(A),非稳态噪声组为(87.1±3.0)、(86.1±2.1)dB(A)。[结论]在接触稳态噪声和非稳态噪声的两组人群中,1名工人1次或多次个体噪声暴露测量结果不能准确评估该工人所在人群的噪声暴露水平,多名工人1次个体噪声暴露测量的平均值可以作为评估该组工人所在人群的噪声暴露水平的依据。

[ Objective ] To observe and compare personal noise exposure level variations between workers and workdays. [ Methods ] Four textile workers and four mechanical manufacture workers were selected to measure personal noise exposure level in eight hours （LAeq.8h） with dosimeter for three workdays. [ Results ] The result showed that the textile workers exposed to continuous noise, and the mechanical manufacture workers exposed to non-continuous noise. The maximum, minimum and range of twelve LAeq.8h measurements in textile workers were 99.2, 92.8 and 6.4 dB （A）, and those in mechanical manufacture workers were 89.9, 83.1 and 6.8 dB（A）. The maximum and minimum for mean of LAeq.8h in each shift workday in textile workers were（ 98.0± 1.1 ） and （ 94.3 ± 1.5 ）dB （A）, and those in each workday in mechanical manufacture workers were （ 87.9 ± 1.0 ）and （ 85.1 ± 1.5 ） dB （A）. The maximum and minimum for mean of LAeq.8h in each textile worker were （ 96.2 ± 2.2 ） and （ 95.8 ± 2.0 ） dB （A）, and those in mechanical manufacture worker were （ 87.1 ± 3.0 ）and（ 86.1 ± 2.1 ）dB （A）. The results showed that the level of personal noise exposure for one worker in one day or more than one day could not accurately represent one group workers＇ noise exposure, but the results from four workers in one day could. [ Conclusion ] It suggested that the results of personal noise exposure for a few workers within one day could be used to assess the noise exposure level of one group workers.