二氧化硫吸入对小鼠肺、肝、脾超微结构的影响

Effects of Sulfur Dioxide Inhalation on the Ultrastructures of Lungs,Livers and Spleens in Mice

[目的]了解二氧化硫(SO2)吸入对小鼠肺、肝、脾超微结构的影响。[方法]对小鼠进行SO2动式吸入染毒,设(28.00±1.98)、(56.00±3.11)、(112.00±5.69)mg/m3SO2染毒组及对照组,取各组小鼠肺、肝、脾于电镜下观察。[结果]①SO2染毒组小鼠肺超微结构的改变主要表现为Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的损伤:3个染毒组均有不同程度的微绒毛减少,板层体空泡化,线粒体致密化或肿胀,细胞核及染色质也出现不同程度的病变;Ⅰ型肺泡上皮细胞线粒体空泡化,56、112mg/m3组细胞核变形等。②SO2染毒组小鼠肝细胞均有不同程度的病理改变。例如,线粒体轻度肿胀,核周隙不规则增宽,粗面内质网轻度扩张,胞质内有大小不等的脂滴出现;56mg/m3组小鼠肝细胞还出现核膜不清或完全消失,细胞器明显减少等坏死性病理改变;112mg/m3组小鼠肝细胞则伴随嗜酸性变、脂肪变及严重的坏死性病理改变。③SO2染毒组小鼠脾脏的白髓区和红髓区淋巴细胞凋亡,呈现出一定的剂量依赖性。[结论]SO2不仅对呼吸系统有刺激和损伤作用,而且也能引起肝、脾等脏器或系统的损伤或病变。

[ Objective ] To investigate effects of sulfur dioxide inhalation on the ultrastructure of lungs, livers and spleens in mice. [ Methods ] The ultrastructures of the lungs, livers and spleens in mice were observed with electron microscopy after the treatment of SO2 inhalation （ 28.00 ± 1.98 ）, （ 56.00 ± 3.11 ）and（ 112.00 ± 5.69 ）mg/m^3. [ Results ] （ 1 ）In SO2 treatment groups, obvious pathological changes in type IX alveolar cells of lungs, including vacuolation of osmiophilic multilamellar bodies, decrease in the number of microvillus, mitochondrial pyknosis or swelling and various changes of nucleus and chromatin, were observed. Meanwhile, significant changes of mitochondrial and nucleus in type l alveolar ceils were also observed. （ 2 ）A series of pathological changes were found in hepatic cells in SO2 treatment groups, such as swell of nucleus, dispersion of fatty droplets, degenerated mitochondria and dilation of rough endoplasmic reticulums, etc.; at the dose of 56 mg/m^3, hepatocytes necrosis occurred with unclear karyotheca or nearly dissolved karyotheca and decrease of organelle; at 112 mg/m^3, acid degeneration, fatty degeneration and severe necrosis of hepatocytes were found in addition to above changes. （ 3 ） The number of apoptotic splenocytes in mice exposed to SO2 was increased in a dose-dependent manner. [ Conclusion ] SO2 could affect the uhrastructre of lungs, livers and spleens of mice.