杭州市大中学生预防艾滋病健康教育干预效果评价

Impact Evaluation on AIDS Prevention Education Among Students in Middle Schools and Colleges in Hangzhou

目的了解杭州市大中学生对艾滋病的认知、观念以及健康教育干预效果，为制定学校艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法抽取杭州市高中学生1185名和大学生3200名，在健康教育干预前后进行无记名问卷调查，结果高中生和大学生对HIV／AIDS的基本知识测试得分分别为89．9分和96．5分，高中生对艾滋病相关知识的了解不及大学生。但高中生有关艾滋病的正确观念测试得分比大学生高，前者得分为85．4分，后者为79．5分，而且健康教育干预后，前者得分为92．1分，后者为85．2分，表明中学生容易接受正确的观念。从几项主要知识掌握情况以及重要观念的定性对比分析表明，高中生知晓率在78．9％～100．0％之间，中位数为94．5％；大学生在89．4％～100．0％之间，中位数为95．9％。几项重要观念的正确持有率，高中生在15．3％～100．0％之间，中位数为80．9％；大学生在44．8％～97．3％之间，中位数为67．9％。结论在高中阶段开展预防艾滋病健康教育，其重要性和成效性好于大学阶段，应高度重视高中学生的艾滋病健康教育。

Objective To investigate the students＇ knowledge and attitude on AIDS in middle school and university, and to provide evidence for the policy-making of health education in school. Methods With cluster sampling, 1 185 senior high school students and 3 200 undergraduates were chosen. They were investigated with an anonymous questionnaire before and after the health education. Results Middle school students （ scored 89.91 knew less about AIDS than undergraduates （96.5）. But middle school students＇ attitude on AIDS（85.4） were better than the undergTaduates （79.5）, after the intervention, the scores were 92.1 and 85.2 respectively, which indicated that middle school students were easier to accept the correct views than undergraduates. Among middle school students, the rates of gTasping main knowledge on HIV/AIDS were from 78.9% to 100.0%, the median was 94.5%; among undergraduates, those were from 89.4% to 100.0%, the median was 95.9%. As for the correct views about HIV/AIDS, the rates were from 15.3% to 100.0%, the median was 80.9 % for the middle school students; for the undergraduates, the rates were from 44.8 % to 97.3 %, and the median was 67.9 %. Condusion The effectiveness and necessity in developing health education in middle school are higher than those in colleges, therefore, more attention should be paid to AIDS health education in middle schools.