血压偏高儿童的生长发育和体质特点

Development and Physical Characteristics of Children with High Blood Pressure

目的分析血压偏高儿童的生长发育和体质特点,为开展高血压的早期预防提供科学依据。方法按年龄别血压百分位数的P95从1 040名7岁儿童中筛查出214名血压偏高者为研究组,329名血压正常儿童为对照组,对身高、体重、胸围、心率、肺活量、血红蛋白、握力、立定跳远、50 m跑、50 m×8往返跑和立位体前屈进行测量。结果血压偏高儿童身高、体重、胸围、BMI、肥胖率和心率显著高于对照组(P值均<0.05),肺活量/体重指数5、0 m跑5、0 m×8往返跑和立定跳远均显著低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论血压偏高儿童身材较高,体态较胖,心肺功能和运动素质较差。高血压一级预防应从学龄儿童开始。

Objective To analyze development and physical characteristics of children with high blood pressure, and to provide evidence for early prevention against high blood pressure. Methods A total of 214 children systolic bloed pressure （SBP） or/and diastolic blood pressure （DBP） ≥ P95 were taken as high blood pressure group, who were selected from 1 040 children aged 7 years old, and 329 normal children were taken as control. The indices of the students in both groups were surveyed, which including the stature, body weight, chest circumference, pulse rate, vital capacity, hemoglobin, pewer of gripping, long-standing jump, 50m running, 50m × 8 come and go running and body flexibility. Results The level of stature, body weight, chest circumference, body mass index （ BMI）, pulse rate and prevalence rate of obesity of children in high blood pressure group were significantly higher than the control group（ P 〈 0.05）, and vital capacity for body weight index, 50m running, 50m ×8 come and go running and standing-long jump were significantly lower than the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The children with high blood pressure have higher and fatter body shape and lower cardiopulmonary capacity and athletics ability. The primary prevention of high blood pressure should start from school-aged children.