濒危植物夏蜡梅总皂甙含量及其环境因子相关性研究

Analysis and Determination of Total Saponin Content in an Endangered Plant Calycanthus chinensis

对不同样地、不同海拔高度夏蜡梅营养器官的总皂甙含量进行测定，并分析了与环境因子之间的相关性。结果表明：（1）夏蜡梅不同营养器官的总皂甙含量以叶片最高，1年生枝、根次之，2年生枝、茎最低。叶片的总皂甙含量与其他器官差异均极显著。根的总皂甙含量与海拔高度呈显著的负相关，其他器官与海拔高度相关不显著。（2）阴坡的1年生枝、根的总皂甙含量比阳坡高，差异极显著；其余器官在阴、阳坡之间的含量差异不显著。（3）夏蜡梅7个居群叶片总皂甙含量在0．2959％～0．4155％之间，平均为0．3400％。（4）通径分析显示，土壤P含量对夏蜡梅叶片总皂甙含量起负相关作用，土壤N含量起正相关作用，有机质、土壤pH值、海拔高度也起正相关作用。

The content of the total saponin in different nutrient organs of Calycanthus chinensis at different altitudes, and different localities were determined and their correlations with the environmental factors were also analyzed. The results showed as the follows. First, the total saponin content in the leaves was the highest followed by annual twig, root, biennial twig and stem in an decreasing orders. There was significant difference between the content in the leaves and that in the other nutrient organs. The total saponin content in roots was significantly negative correlation with altitude, while there was no significant correlation between that in the other organs and altitude. Second, the content of the total saponin in root and annual twig of C. chinensis on the shady slope was higher than those on the sunny slope, which was significant. There was no significant difference between the content of total saponin in the other organs on the sunny slope and that on the shady slope. Third, the content of total saponin in the leaves of C. chinensis at different localities was from 0. 295 9% to 0. 415 5% with a mean of 0. 3400%. Fourth, the path analysis showed that the content of soil phosphorus had negative effect on the content of total saponin in the leaves of C. chinensis, while the content of soil nitrogen had positive effect. The organic matter, altitude and soil pH value also had positive effect.