高速列车的动态环境及其技术的根本特点

Dynamic Environment of High-speed Train and Its Distinguished Technology

讨论了高速列车所处的动态环境。指出高速列车与普通列车的根本不同在于列车所处的动态环境发生了质的变化,由机械、电气作用为主,变为以气动作用为主。正是由于这一巨大变化,才产生了一系列高速列车技术的特点。例如,由于需要特大牵引功率来克服地表稠密大气所产生的阻力,高速列车必须放弃机车牵引,采用动车组模式;对高速列车必须进行“噪声设计”,才能分别按环保要求决定高速通道不同区段的最高限制速度。本文根据上述观点得出一些不同于通常所理解的关于地面高速交通的结论。比如:指出磁浮列车只有在低速下运行,才能凸显其低噪声的优点,高速度并不是它的特长。本文还进一步指出,地面开敞式高速交通,最高速度不宜高于400 km/h,超过这一限速必须采用真空管道高速交通。

The dynamic environment of high-speed trains is discussed in this paper. The substantial difference between high-speed trains and ordinary trains lies in the qualitative change in the dynamic environment of the trains, i. e. , mechanical and/or electrical dominated actions are turned to aerodynamics domination. This huge change produces a series of special technical characteristics of high-speed trains. For example, because the extra high traction power is required to overcome the drag of the surface condensed air, the motor units have to be used instead of locomotive traction; the ＂noise design＂ must be carried out to determine the maximum limited train speeds in different sections of the high-speed corridor according to the requirements of environment protection. Conclusions different from common opinions about high-speed ground transportation have been drawn in this paper. Maglev trains make low noises only during low speed running, so they gain little advamtage in high speed operation. The maximum train speed in the open air should not go higher than 400 km/h. In the case of exceeding this limited speed, the mode of Evacuated Tube Transportation should be adopted.