日俄战争中清政府“局外中立”的历史考察

Historical Research on the Qing Government's Policy of Neutrality in the War Between Japan and Russia

1904至1905年的日俄战争,是日本军国主义与沙俄帝国主义为争夺中国东北与朝鲜而进行的帝国主义战争。这场战争主要在满洲及其临海进行,但西方列强要求清政府保持中立。清政府宣布“局外中立”并请求列强予以保护。但是就中国而言,日俄战争决不是一场局外战争。它的引发、战场及其最终解决,都与中国休戚相关,为什么清政府会采用这一政策?本文拟从国内外两方面具体考察这一政策出台的原因。

The war of Japan and Russian in 1904 - 1905 is an imperialist war happened between Japan and Russian for grabbing the north - east China and Korea. The main battlefields are Manchuria and its coastal areas. But the west imperialist countries demanded the Qing government to keep neutrality in the war. The Qing government followed the demand and asked for protection from these countries. However, as far as China is concerned, she is not an outlier in the war. The reason of the war, the battlefield and the final result all have dose relationship with China. Why did the Qing government adopt the policy？ The paper discusses the reasons from the angles of imernafional environmem at the time and the thoughts of the officers of the Qing government.