元王朝与爪哇的战争和来往

War and Communication between Java and Yuan Dynasty

蒙古军队远征爪哇,乃13世纪末元史、东南亚史方面的重要事件。本文以学术界尚未发掘、生活于南宋、元之际官员方回所作相关诗、文为引子,再度考察和重现该战役的完整过程,并在某些问题的了解上予以清晰和深化。诸如:远征军所经行的海上航路,缘“招谕”位于今中南半岛、苏门答腊岛上诸国,较平常航路偏向西边。战争前后分二个阶段,发生在以“麻诺巴歇城”为中心的王国畿内,也就是今苏腊巴亚市所在的东爪哇地方。入侵者撤退后,爪哇臣民与元帝国的臣民一直维持着友好来往。随着海上贸易的展开,作为经济中心、交通枢纽的后者,也就成了当时中国家喻户晓的“外国”。

It was an important event that the Mongolian soldiers attacked Java in the end of the thirteenth century in the histories both Yuan and Southeast Asia. Cited the poem and articles which had not been quoted writtenby Fang Hui, the official who lived during late Song and early Yuan, this article will review the whole process of the war and make the comprehension of certain problems deeper and clearer, such as the expeditionary army had taken the one by west of the‘ usual’ sea route in order to summon the nations in the Indochina Peninsula and the Sumatera Island to submit to the emperor, and the campaign which might be divided into two phases happened in the main area of the kingdom where the capital Madjapahit city situated, also Java Timur where today’s city Surabaya situated. The people in Java had kept the friendly intercourses with those in Yuan Empire after the invaders withdrew from the country. With the development of the foreign trade, Java as an economic center also hub of communication had been among those oversea countries wildly known then and there in China.