乙肝疫苗接种对乙型肝炎流行特征的影响

Influence of Hepatitis B Vaccination on the Epidemiological Features of Hepatitis B

目的了解南京市鼓楼区乙肝疫苗接种前后16年乙型肝炎流行特征的变化，为今后实行新的预防对策提供依据。方法对1990～2005年南京市鼓楼区乙肝疫情报告资料进行分析。结果1992年起该区将乙肝疫苗接种纳入计划免疫管理，目前全区新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率达99％以上。接种疫苗改变了乙肝的流行特征，人群乙肝发病率呈下降趋势，10岁以下儿童下降最明显。结论乙肝疫苗免疫是防制、消除乙肝的有效途径。为进一步降低发病率，在做好新生儿乙肝疫苗接种工作的同时，必须扩大疫苗的接种范围。

[Objective]To learn the epidemiological features of hepatitis B before and after vaccination in recent 16 years and provide basis for establishing new preventive countermeasures. [Methods]Analysis was made on the report data of epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Gulou District of Nanjing during the period of 1990 - 2005. [Results]Since Hepatitis B vaccination was included into planned immunization in 1992, the coverage of hepatitis B vaccination among newborn babies reached above 99%. Vaccination changed the epidemiological features of hepatitis B; the morbidity of hepatitis B showed a decreasing trend, especially among children under the age of 10. [ Conclusion] Vaccination is an effective approach for preventing and eliminating hepatitis B; vaccination range should be widened in order to reduce the morbidity of hepatitis B.