景观价值与景观保护评价

Assessment on Landscape Value and Protection

景观以其兼具经济、生态、文化等多重价值而为人类所重视,又由于人类活动日益强烈的干扰而面临景观破碎化和景观组分间连接性丧失的威胁,从而备受国内外学者的关注。文章从稀有性、多样性、功效性、宜人性、资源性以及美学价值等方面对景观价值的内涵进行了评述,并介绍了景观价值定量化研究的方法;从视觉感知的角度对景观保护的评定方法和不同景观评定的实例进行了综述,并结合中国的实际情况,列举了当前中国急需保护的各类景观,为中国自然保护事业提供参考依据。

Landscape has multi-functions such as economy, ecology and culture, and it faces threats from landscape fragmentation and loss of connectivity among landscape components induced by more intensive anthropogenie disturbances, therefore, landscape attracted more and more attention all over the world. Firstly, this article reviewed the connotation of landscape value, including rarity that is an important landscape character, diversity expressing the structure and function diversity of landscape cell, efficacy that means the transformation function of substance, energy, information and value in a given ecosystem, livability implying a landscape being suitable for existence of human beings and aesthetic value defined from human behavior model and information process theory. Secondly, it introduced the quantitative methods of evaluating landscape value, including direct use value, indirect use value, optional value, hereditable value, and subsistent value. Corresponding assessment methods for above landscape value were summed up, they are cost analysis method, income analysis method, shadow price method, substitute cost method, estate value analysis method, respectively. In addition, the assessment methods and cases on various landscapes according to human visual sensing were also listed. In the view of authors, national natural heritage with rarity, unique and aesthetic characteristics, anthropogenic management landscape with important culture value, destructed landscape which need ecological restoration or rehabilitation due to engineering destruction or landscape contamination by irrational use, should be protected first and foremost. The scenic beauty of landscape obtained by testing the public taste, landscape vulnerability and landscape threshold value that is a token of resistance, assimilation and restoration ability to disturbance, and landscape susceptibility expressing the attention extent by public, were then summarized combining the physical circumstance in China, which might be helpful for natural conservation in China.