崔述的史考与史识

Cui Shu’s Exploration and Insight in History

清代乾嘉时期的史家崔述对先秦历史疑古辨伪,求实考信,不但澄清许多古书记载的谬误和古史传说的疑团,而且表现出深刻的考史理念与考史见识。其“不以传注杂于经,不以诸子百家杂于经传”的考史理念,表现为以经证史则去古未远的考史原则;强调“不应后人所知,乃反详于古人”的考史理念,表现为对古史传说循流溯源祛疑解惑的考史方法;反对“凡说上古者,皆以后世例之”的考史理念,表现为朴素历史主义的考史学风。他的这一系列考史理念和考史见识,对中国古代历史考证学理论与方法论的丰富和发展做出了重大贡献。

Cuishu, a famous historian in the Qian＆Jia period of Qing dynasty, succeeded not only in clarifying doubts and suspicions in ancient records, but also in consummating profound historical concepts and textual insights. His main historical concept stresses that ＂biographies and annotations should not be mixed wich classics and classics should not be mixed wiith pre-Qin schools of thoughts＂ based on the principle of ＂checking historical facts with classics＂ and that ＂it is not right to make conjectures about the ancients from the records of their descendents＂ based on the historical methodology of tracing back to the original truth. Cuishu was violently against historical concepts that held that ＂historical sights in the ancient times can be exemplified by records of their posterity＂ and made great contributions to the theory and practice of historical textual research studies in ancient China.