纳米Fe_2O_3的制备及其对AP热分解的催化作用

Preparation of Fe_2O_3 nanoparticles and its catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP)

采用溶胶-凝胶法、水热法及强迫水解法,制备了球形、立方形、纺缍形及针形四种不同形貌的纳米Fe2O3粒子。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X衍射(XRD)、比表面积(BET)对纳米粒子的粒径、形貌、结构、比表面积进行了表征,用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了Fe2O3对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化性能。结果表明:纳米Fe2O3对AP的高温热分解催化作用较微米的效果好。不同形貌的纳米Fe2O3粒子有着各自不同的比表面积,比表面积较大的纳米纺缍形和针形Fe2O3较比表面积较小的纳米立方形和球形的催化效果好。比表面积最大的纳米针形Fe2O3使AP的高温热分解峰温度降低了67.3℃,表观分解放热提高了785 J.g-1,表现出较好的催化性能。

Iron oxide nanoparticles with four different morphologies such as spherical, cubic, spindle, acicular shape were prepared by the methods of sol-gel, hydrothermal reaction and forced hydrolysis respectively. The diameter, morphology, structure,and specific surface area of nanoparticles were indicated by TEM,XRD and BET. Meanwhile,the catalytic properties of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate（AP） were investigated by DSC. The results indicated that the catalytic properties of Fe2O3 nanopaticles were better than those of the microparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles with different shapes showed different specific surface areas. The spindle and acicular shape Fe2O3 nanoparticles have bigger specific surface area,so they have better catalytic effect than those of the cubic and spherical shape ones. The acicular shape Fe2O3 nanoparticles with maximum specific surface area could decrease the higher thermal decomposition temperature of AP by 67.3℃ ,and increase the exothermic heat by 785 J·g^-1 ,showing good catalytic effect.