2001～2005年广西玉林市吸毒者行为特征及HIV感染状况与对策

The behavioral characteristics of drug abusers and their conditions of HIV infection and the countermeasures in Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2001 to 2005

目的了解玉林市吸毒人群行为特征和HIV感染状况,为吸毒人群干预措施提供科学依据。方法制定统一的问卷调查表,由专业人员采用一对一的问卷调查方法,抽取吸毒者静脉血检测HIV抗体。结果2001～2005年共调查吸毒者2251人,发现艾滋病病毒感染者102人,HIV阳性率4.53%;兴业县和福绵区HIV感染率最高,分别为16.36%(53/324),12.73%(21/165)。外籍人口8.51%(8/94)。2251名吸毒者中81.61%为静脉注射吸毒,64.78%共用针具吸毒;其中54.95%(1237/2251)有性乱行为,且71.95%(890/1237)性过程从未使用安全套。102例艾滋病病毒感染者,99.00%为静脉注射吸毒,73.27%(74/101)共用针具注射吸毒,67.65%(69/102)有性乱行为,85.51%(59/69)性活动从未使用安全套。结论艾滋病在个别县(市)区呈流行趋势。吸毒者大部分为静脉注射吸毒,且相当部分吸毒者吸毒性乱行为并存,加速了艾滋病在吸毒者之间和普通人群之间的传播速度。加强对吸毒的打击力度和无毒社区建设,做好吸毒人群艾滋病感染者的管理、治疗关怀和干预工作,是控制艾滋病流行的关键性措施。

Objective This study was made to understand the behavioral characteristics of drug abusers and their conditions of HIV infection in Yulin city in order to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of interventions. Methods One-to-one questionnaire interviews were conducted by the professionals with unified questionnaires. Intravenous blood samples were taken from the drug abusers for the detection of HIV antibody. Results 102 cases of HIV infection were detected among the 2251 drug abusers surveyed from 2001 to 2005 with an HIV-positive rate of 4.53% .The HIV-infection rates were highest in Xingye county Fumian district accounting for 16.36% （53/324） and 12.73% （21/165） respectively, with a rate of 8.51% （8/94）among the foreign resident population. 81.61% of the 2251 drug abusers were intravenous drug abusers with needle-sharing occurring in 64.78% of them. It was found that promiscuity existed in 54.95% of the surveyed （1237/2251） with 71.95% （890/1237） of the promiscuous individuals having never used condoms . 99.00% of the 102 cases of HIV infection were intravenous drug abusers with needle sharing accounting for 73.27% （74/101）. 67.65% of the cases （69/102）had promiscuity with no condoms used in the majority 85.51%（59/69）. Conclusion A trend of HIV prevalence exists in individual counties （cities）. The drug abusers were mostly intravenous drug users ,with quite a proportion of the abusers having promiscuities at the same time, accelerating transmissions of AIDS between drug abusers and general population. The effective measures to control the AIDS prevalence involve making greater efforts to crack down on drug abuse, constructing communities free of the drugs, strengthening the management, care and interventions of HIV-infected people among the drug-abusing population.