APETALA3/DEFICIENS和PISTILLATA/GLOBOSA基因与植物花发育

APETALA3/DEFICIENS and PISTILLATA/GLOBOSA Genes with Floral Development of Plant

APETALA3(AP3)/DEFICIENS(DEF)和PISTILLATA(PI)/GLOBOSA(GLO)为植物花器官发育B类基因,控制双子叶植物花瓣和雄蕊的发育,它们属于MADS-box基因家族,编码转录因子,这些基因的突变能导致花瓣转变为萼片,雄蕊转变为心皮。近年来已经在多种植物中克隆到了AP3/DEF和PI/GLO基因,AP3/DEF和PI/GLO基因在拟南芥中只在花器官中表达,而在玉米等植物维管束、叶片等组织中也有表达。现对有关AP3/DEF和PI/GLO基因表达及其在植物系统发育学研究方面的进展进行综述。

APETALA3（AP3）/DEFICIENS（DEF） and PISTILLATA （PI）/GLOBOSA（GLO） genes encode MADS domain-containing transcription factors and are required to specify petal and stamen identities in the flower. Mutations in these genes exhibit similar phenotypes in which the second whorl petals are transformed into sepals and the third-whorl stamens are transformed into carpels. Many AP3/DEF and PI/GLO genes have been isolated from a lot of species recently. AP3/DEF and PI/GLO are expressed only in flower tissues in Arabidopsis. However, AP3/DEF or PI/GLO genes are also transcribed in vascular bundles and leaves in other dicots, e.g. maize. Studies on the AP3/DEF and PI/GLO genes expression and evolution of phylogenetics are summarized in this article.