以企业为主体的农业技术服务模式的创新及理论探讨

Innovation of Service Model for Agricultural Technology with Enterprice as Principal Part and Theoretical Discussion on the Model

农业技术服务是农业产业化发展的重要动力,对于“商品型农业技术”而言,企业是最优的推广主体。本研究以蛛网模型为理论基础,分析了以企业为主体的农业技术服务模式,并在此基础上提出了由货物流、信息流、资金流和技术流组成的新型“商品型农业技术”服务模式,在该模式中引入了由诸多农户自发选择的具有法律效力的利益代表———“农户代理”,以加强企业与农户之间的垂直协作关系;并针对目前企业与农户双方均普遍存在毁约行为,提出了通过“信用证”的方式运作资金,使企业与农户之间的关系类似于“贴牌生产”(OEM)。还呼吁通过各种金融与法律制度,引导企业加强与农户之间的垂直协作关系,以减少企业“商品型农业技术”供给对价格的弹性,进而提高企业对农户技术服务的质量。

Agricultural technology service motivates the development of agricultural industrialization. Regarding the commercial-type agricultural technology, enterprises play a pivotal role. A new service model for agricultural technology composed of goods flow, information flow, capital flow and technology flow was developed theoretically based on web cob model. Peasant agent, a legal benefit representative selected by the peasant household, was introduced into the model to strengthen the vertical cooperation between enterprises and peasants.‘Letter of Credit＇ was put forward to operate the capital, which prevented breaking the promise made by enterprises and households and made the relationship between the sides act like original equipment manufacturer （ OEM ）. The vertical cooperation between enterprises and peasant household should be further strengthened through financial and lawful policies to improve the service quality provided by enterprises.