高水头小流量电站箱式半压力消能工的试验研究

Experimental study on semi-pressure tank-type energy dissipator for hydropower station under high head and lower flow rate

利用灌溉供水渠道水流发电的电站,一般在压力管道尾部设岔管分流,经消能后向下游供水。沙沟水电站受地形条件限制,采用常规的消能方式满足不了要求,故采用箱式半压力消能工。由于小流量高水头电站采用箱式半压力消能工的设计尚未有成熟的经验,因此必须通过水工物理模型试验,了解通过不同泄量时消能工内的流态、水位和波浪的变化,观察水流的掺气和波动情况,以确定箱式半压力消能工的合理尺寸。

The hydropower station operated with the flow from the irrigation channel is generally divert the water with the bifurcated pipe installed on the end of the penstock, and then the water supplied to the downstream area after the dissipation concerned. As the topographic condition is limited, the conventional energy dissipating mode can not meet the relevant requirements of Shagou Hydropower Station, a tank-type energy dissipator is suggested to be used there; for which, there is no existed experiences for the design of the semi-pressure tank-type dissipator under high head and lower flow rate, so it is necessary to know the variations of the flow pattern, the water level and the wave in the dissipator under various discharges, and then to observe the variations of beth the aeration and the fluctuation therein, so as to determine the reasonable size of the tank-type dissipator at last.