繁殖期白头鹤觅食地活动的时间分配和日节律

Behavior Time Budget and Daily Rhythm of Hooded Crane (Grus monacha) in Breeding Season at Foraging Site

2004年4～6月在黑龙江大沾河湿地自然保护区内，采用野外直接观察法对野生白头鹤在觅食地的活动节律进行了研究．结果表明：①繁殖期白头鹤在觅食地各种行为活动有一定的时间分配规律．在繁殖前期，雌、雄白头鹤全天（5：30～18：00）成对在觅食地活动，雄性个体以取食、警戒、游走、保养和求偶为主要行为，雌性个体以取食、警戒、游走和保养为主要行为；到繁殖后期，雌、雄白头鹤每天有两个时间段单独在觅食地活动（4：00-6：00和17：00～19：00），无论雌雄个体，均无求偶行为．②白头鹤雌、雄个体间保养行为差异极显著（P〈0．001），警戒和求偶行为差异显著（P〈0．05），取食、游走行为具有一定的差异．③在麦田和池塘2种微地貌之间，白头鹤的取食、求偶行为具极显著差异（P〈0．001），警戒行为具显著差异（P〈0．05）．④在繁殖期的不同阶段以及不同的天气情况下白头鹤的各种行为均具右一审善异．

The data on the wild hooded crane （Grus monacha）were collected by the authors from April to June, 2004 in the Zhanhe Nature Reserve in the Xiaoxing＇an Mountains in Heilongjiang. The activity rhythm of G. monacha was studied at the foraging site by direct observation method in the field. Each activity behavior of G. monacha at the foraging site had a certain time budget rhythm in the breeding period. In the prophase of breeding, the male and female moved together at the foraging site in the whole day; the main activities of the male were feeding, guarding, walking around, maintaining and wooing, while those of the female were feeding, guarding, walking round and maintaining. In the anaphase of breeding, there were two stages every. day when the male and female did their own activities at the foraging site （4- 00 -6：00 and 17：00 - 19： 00）, neither the male nor female had wooing activity. The difference in maintaining behavior between the male and female was highly significant （ P 〈 0.001 ）. The difference of guarding and wooing behavior was also significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）, and feeding and walking round behavior had certain difference. There were fairly significant difference in the feeding and wooing behavior of G. monacha, and significant differences in the guarding behavior in wheat field and pool （P 〈 0. 001 ）. Each behavior of G. monacha had certain difference at the different breeding stages and under various weather conditions.