拉美国家养老保障制度私有化改革面临的挑战及对中国改革的启示

Challenges Faced By Privatized Pension Systems in Latin America and Its Implication for China’s Reform

拉美地区养老保障私有化改革在取得一定成效的同时,也面临严峻的挑战。文章从拉美地区养老保障制度的覆盖面、管理成本与投资收益率、宏观经济效果、预防贫困与社会公平等几个方面分析其存在的问题,并认为这些问题的产生与制度选择模式本身不无关系。在总结拉美国家改革教训的基础上,文章指出中国养老保障制度改革要注意的问题。

Privatization-oriented pension reforms have been conducted for a quarter century in Chile and more than ten years in some other Latin American countries. While the reforms have had some achievements, new systems are facing serious challenges.This article empirically addresses these challenges in terms of pension system’s coverage, management costs and investment returns, macroeconomic effects, poverty prevention and equality , and concludes that these problems are much related to the new models of pension systems. The experiences of pension reforms in Latin America provide lessons for China’s reform of pension system.