蔬菜多倍体育种及其应用

Vegetable Polyploid and Polyploidy Breeding

多倍体在蔬菜育种中具有重要的地位,开发利用前景广阔。蔬菜多倍体育种已有70余年的历史,但迄今仅有西瓜、萝卜、白菜、马铃薯等少数多倍体品种在生产上推广应用。多倍体植物自身特点和育种技术相对落后仍然是限制多倍体育种发展的主要问题。系统地介绍了蔬菜多倍体形成的途径,重点讨论了蔬菜多倍体育种中存在的障碍及其克服方法,并分析总结了蔬菜多倍体的成功应用,展望了蔬菜多倍体育种的发展前景。

The polyploid is ve.ry important in vegetable breeding and has a wide prospect for development and utilization. Although vegetable polyploid breeding has a history of 70 years, until now only a few polyploidy varieties of watermelon, radish, cabbage and potato are used in vegetable production. Vegetable polyploid breeding is embarrassed by the characters of polyploid plants and backward breeding technology. In this paper, the way in which polyploid forms is introduced systematically, the major obstacles in polyploid breeding and their removal are discussed. In addition, the successful utilization of vegetable polyploid is analyzed and summarized, and the prospect for the development of vegetable polyploid breeding is forecasted.