书院大师:在困境中实现超越——兼论大学校长的素质

The ancient academy master: achieving in difficulties

作为中国古代大学的书院在官方控制、行政介入、为科举应试服务的困境中艰难地生存,这对书院理想———学术创新与传播自由、管理自主和教学内容相对独立等形成了巨大挑战。书院大师们凭借其博大的胸怀,敢于创新的勇气,以及调适书院发展规律与现实需要矛盾的智慧来直面这些困难,使书院在一定程度上超越了现实因素的制约,在学术创新、人才培养等方面取得重大成就,书院大师们的历史经验应该可以成为现代大学校长们借鉴的宝贵资源。

As the Chinese University, ancient academy under the official control, with administrative intervention, working for ancient test, survive difficultly. This is a large challenge to the academy＇s ideal of innovation and the dissemination of academic freedom, autonomy management and the teaching content relatively independent, ancient academy masters faced the difficulties with caring, innovative courage, their wisdom for adapting the law of development to the practical need. So the academy overcame the limit of reality, and achieved much in academic innovation and talent training. Ancient academy masters＇ historical experience is valuable resources for modern university president.