从宗教学角度看康德

On Kant in Perspective of Religion Study

康德具有较高的宗教修养,但他并非完全意义上的宗教信仰者,因为他运用理性对形而上学的基础进行了冷静的分析与批判,解构了旧的宗教基础,提出了自己的道德学说。他的道德思想力图实现从神与人之间的神本性的伦理关系转化到人与人之间的人本性的伦理关系,从而用人类自我的道德约束来取代上帝的神权约束,蕴藏着人本主义的光辉层面。但他的道德学说在现实中步入了困境,不得不把自己的理想放到《判断力批判》中去实现。

Though Kant had a good mastery of religion, he was not a complete believer of religion. By rationally analyzing and criticizing metaphysics, Kant dissected the basis of old religions and established his own theory of morals. With humanism hidden in his thoughts on morals, Kant intended to convert the god-oriented moral relationship between gods and man to man-oriented moral relationship between man and man, which can lead human beings to restrain themselves by their own morals instead of the divine power. However, Kant＇s thoughts on morals were cornered in reality and he then put his ideas in his book of Critique of Judgment.