中国的降低毒品危害研究:文献分析

HARM REDUCTION IN CHINA MAINLAND: LITERATURE ANALYSIS

目的:了解近年来中国开展降低毒品危害情况。方法:采用“药物滥用危害、针具交换、安全套发放、同伴教育、HIV/AIDS、美沙酮维持和社会帮教”为主题词,对《中国期刊全文数据库》(1979-2005)进行检索。结果:共检索到205篇文献,最早的文献发表在1993年,发文最多的是2004年。有126篇文献的内容包括了针具交换、同伴教育、美沙酮维持治疗、安全套使用、社会支持与关爱以及降低危害做法与当前法律的冲突。社会帮教文献给降低危害赋予了更宽泛的解释。结论:《中国期刊全文数据库》是目前我国最大的连续动态更新的数据库之一,收录文献的覆盖面基本可以反映出我国各领域研究的情况。从分析结果看,降低危害概念正在逐步被接受,有些措施如美沙酮维持治疗等已取得一定效果,但仍有些问题需要解决。

Objective： To review the strategy of harm reduction, which has been conducted in China Mainland only in recent years. Methods：Literature analysis. Chinese Academic Journal （CAJ） in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, which is one of the most comprehensive full - text database of Chinese journals in China, was searched with the following search strategies： 1 （drug abuse related harm ab） ; 2 （needle exchange AND drug abuse） ab; 3 （condom distribution AND drug abuse AND HIV） ab; 4 （peer education AND drug abuse） ab; 5 （methadone maintenance treatment AND heroin） ab; 6 （social help and education AND drug abuse） ab. （1979 -2005 ）. The results were analysed. Results ： Altogether 205 papers related to harm reduction were found out. The earliest paper was published in 1993; the most part of papers was published in the year 2004, and the contents of 126 papers included needle exchange, peer education, methadone maintenance treatment, condom use, community support and care, and the debates on the conflict of harm reduction to China＇s present laws related. Papers on social help and education enriched the concept of harm reduction in China. Conclusion and discussion： CAJ is one of the biggest database in China at present, so it can provide enough information for the topic discussed. From the search results, we can tell that the strategy of harm reduction is being accepted gradually in China Mainland and some practices, such as methadone maintenance treatment, are shown good results.