轻质结构发动机罩设计研究

Lightweight Structure of Engine Hood

以汽车发动机罩为例,结合材料特性、生产工艺、连接工艺等方面因素,设计四种不同材料发动机罩结构方案.采用拓扑方法优化、改进结构,并通过有限元结构模拟计算,比较分析并评价各方案.选择其中综合性能优势最为显著的复合材料结构方案进行试制并试验.通过对比模拟计算结果和试验结果,验证了复合材料结构方案的性能优越性.在轻量化方法、设计试验规范、选材与结构等方面,为汽车车身的轻量化研究探索了一条技术路线.

Four motor hood structures of different materials are designed by taking lightweight material characteristics, technique of production and connection into consideration. After topology optimization these structures are analyzed and estimated by the finite element analysis（FEA） simulation results. The carbon fiber reinforced plastic（CFRP） structure, whose performance is the best among the four structures, is chosen for trial-producing and testing. The superior performance of CFRP structure is validated by a comparison study of test results and simulation results. In this paper the technical route of lightweight for car body components is discussed in the aspects of the lightweight method, design and test specification, material selection and structure design.