“牢”“栏”“圈”的历时演变

A Study on Chronological Substitution of Lao(牢),Lan(栏) and Juan(圈)

“关养牲畜之所”义语义场中的3个上位词“牢”、“栏”、“圈”的历时演变情况大致是:“牢”最早出现,在先秦时期使用频繁;大约从东汉到隋唐时期,“牢”的使用渐少,直至僵化,“栏”、“圈”出现的频率逐渐增大,几乎替代了“牢”;宋元明清时期,“栏”和“圈”经过一个南北鼎立的阶段后,“圈”最终战胜“栏”成为通语中该语义场的唯一上位词,并一直使用到现在。

There are three super ordinates Lao（牢）, Lan（栏） and Juan（圈） in the semantic field of the place of feeding livestock. Having reviewed their chronological substitution, the paper holds that Lao（牢） was the oldest and commonest one before Qin（秦） dynasty. From Qin（秦） dynasty to Tang（唐） dynasty, Lan（栏） and Juan（圈） were taking the place of Lao（牢）. From Song（宋） dynasty to the Qing（清） dynasty, after finished the contest against each other in North and South, Juan（圈） had completed the substitution of Lan（栏）.