遮光对兰花养分含量及生育的影响

Effects of Shading on Nutrient Contents and Growth of Orchid Plants

调查了秋季栽培不同遮光程度对卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花叶片生长、植株养分含量和开花的影响。试验从8月初起在无遮光及遮光率30％，60％，90％的4个遮光处理下栽培80d后，搬人温度为13～30℃的温室统一管理，观测至次年3月中旬。结果表明：无遮光处理叶片短小、黄化且灼伤显著；遮光率30％处理养分积累最多；遮光率60％特别是90％处理叶片长、色浓绿、养分积累较少。不同遮光处理间的开花率差异显著，遮光率30％〉无遮光〉遮光率60％〉遮光率90％；花茎长度也以遮光率30％处理最大。秋季较强的日照管理有利于卡特兰和寒兰2种兰花植株的养分积累与开花。

Sophrolaeliocattleya and Cymbidium kanran had grown for 80 days from beginning of August on the shading level of 0, 30%, 60% and 90%. After moving the plants into 13 -30℃ greenhouse, the flowering rate and flower stalk length were measured till the middle of next March. The results showed that, short leaves, pale green and burnt remarkably presented with no shade; the most nutrient accumulation level was at 30 % shade, on 60 % shading level especially 90 %, the leaves were long, dark green with less nutrient accumulation. The difference of flowering rate was significant between each treatment, which was 30% shade 〉 no shade 〉 60% 〉 90%. The longest flower stalk length was at 30% shade. The comparatively strong sunshine was propitious to the nutrient accumulation and flowering in autumn cultivation of Sophrolaeliocattleya and Cymbidium kanran.