不同强筋小麦品种产量、品质和氮素利用的差异

Difference Among Wheat Cultivars with High-strength Gluten in Yield Quality and Nitrogen Use

在高土壤肥力条件下,设置不施氮肥和施氮240 kg/hm22个处理,研究了6个强筋冬小麦品种的产量、品质和氮素利用的差异。结果表明,在施氮与不施氮的条件下,8901和济麦20两个品种均表现为高产、优质和高的氮素利用效率;施氮有利于进一步改善8901小麦的品质,提高济麦20的子粒蛋白质含量。两种处理下,淄麦12亦表现为产量较高,品质较优,但该品种氮素利用效率低,施氮后氮素利用效率进一步下降。烟农15的氮素利用效率亦较低,但施氮后氮素收获指数和氮素利用效率降低较少,子粒品质得到明显改善。与上述4个品种比较,济南17和烟农19的产量、品质和氮素利用效率居中;施氮后济南17的子粒产量显著提高,但两品种的品质均未得到显著改善。

Field experiments were conducted under high-yielding conditions in Longkou city, Shandong province, to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency in 6 cultivars of winter wheat with high-strength gluten. Two levels of nitrogen （0, 240 kg/ha） were applied. The results showed that two cultivars of 8901 and Jimai 20 both showed high yield, good quality and high nitrogen use efficiency, under 0 or 240 kg/ha nitrogen levels. Nitrogen application resulted in improved quality of 8901 and increased protein content of Jimai 20. Zimai 12 also showed high yield and good quality, but showed low nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen application resulted in further decreased nitrogen use efficiency of Zimai 12.Yannong 15 showed low nitrogen use efficiency; however, nitrogen application resulted in little reduction of nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen utilization efficiency, and obvious improvement of quality. Compared with the above 4 cultivars, Jinan 17 and Yannong 19 were of medium yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen application resulted in increased yield of Jinan 17, but no improved quality of both the two cultivars.