“大时代”中的历史教育——徐文珊及其《历史教育论》评析

Historical Education in the "Great Era"——An Review on XU Wenshan and his On Historical Education

抗战时期被称为中国的“大时代”,徐文珊的《历史教育论》则是这个“大时代”的产物。它是中国历史教育由传统走向近代过程中出现的第一部总结性、系统性的专门著作。它的出现,反映了当时历史教育由“考古”向“考今”的转向,也顺应了抗战的时代要求。它的内容比较丰富,具有鲜明的思想特色,主要包括首次明确地从理论上将历史教育区分为学校教育与社会教育两个不同领域、历史教育以情感教育为先等六个方面。而它的时代价值,则体现在推动了文化抗战工作,促进了历史教育向更高层次的发展。

The ＂Great Era＂ refers to the Anti - Japanese War period. Xu Wenshan＇ s On Historical Education was the product of the Great Era. It was the first specia and systematic work when Chinese historical education developed from ancient time to modern time. Its appearance not only indicated the historical education transforming from ＂textual research on ancient history＂ to ＂studying on current Chinese problems＂ but conformed to the requirements of the special time. The book, with abundant contents, contains six outstanding thought features including theoretically for the first time dividing historical education into school education and social education, putting the emotive education at the first place in historical education, and so on. The book also has its epoch value of developing the work of culturally fighting against the Japanese imperialists and promoting the historical education to a higher standard.