拒马河北京段原生动物群落特征及其对河流营养状况的指示

Protozoan community character in relation to trophic level in the Beijing section of the Juma River

原生动物是水生生态系统中的重要组成部分,具有重要的生态功能。为揭示拒马河北京段的生态现状,作者于2004年3–11月对拒马河北京段9个采样点的原生动物群落进行了调查。共鉴定出原生动物310种,其中鞭毛虫134种(包括植鞭毛虫96种,动鞭毛虫38种),肉足类64种,纤毛虫112种。原生动物种类数较多的目有:眼虫目(39种)、动基体目(25种)、团鞭毛虫目(21种)、金滴虫目(21种)、下毛目(18种)、盾纤目(17种)、膜口目(15种)。优势种为卵形隐藻(Cryptomonasovata),次优势种为珍珠映毛虫(Cinetochilummargaritaceum)。9个采样点原生动物群落的Jaccard相似性系数介于0.4569和0.5950之间。通过对原生动物群落结构及营养功能类群的分析并与其他水域的资料相比较,认为目前拒马河北京段营养水平应介于贫营养和中营养之间。

To study the ecological status of the Juma River, we conducted a survey of the protozoa in the Beijing section of the river during March to November 2004. A total of 310 protozoa species, belonging to 157 genera, were observed, including 134 flagellate species, 64 sarcodina, and 112 ciliate. The most species-rich orders were Euglenoidida （39 species）, Kinetoplastida （25 species）, Volvocida （21 species）, Chrysomonadida （21 species）, Hypotrichida （18 species）, Scuticociliatida （17 species）, and Hymenostomatida （15 species）. Cryptomonas ovata was the dominant species, whereas Cinetochilum margaritaceum was subdominant. Jaccard similarity indices among the protozoan communities from the nine sampling stations varied between 0.4569 and 0.5950. After comparing the characteristics of the protozoan communities and the functional-trophic groups with those of other waters, we found that the percentage of Phytomastigophora, identity of dominant taxa and the functional-trophic structure of the protozoan communities indicate an oligotrophic to mesotrophic state.