垂叶榕隐头果内小蜂群落结构与生境关系的初步研究

Community structure of fig wasp in Ficus benjamina in different habitats

垂叶榕(Ficusbenjamina)是一种世界上广泛栽培的绿化树种,但是关于其隐头果内小蜂群落结构的研究国内外很少涉及。我们根据植被覆盖度和干扰程度差异在西双版纳州勐仑镇选择了3块不同的样地,采集垂叶榕隐头果180个,统计其中的榕小蜂种类和数量。结果表明:共鉴定出榕小蜂13种,隶属于膜翅目小蜂总科中的8个属,其中Eupristinakoningsbergeri为传粉榕小蜂,其余12种为非传粉小蜂;3个样地中的小蜂群落多样性指数、丰富度存在显著差异,植被覆盖度高、干扰小的样地内小蜂群落多样性指数、丰富度显著高于其他样地;非传粉小蜂在产卵时更倾向于选择植被覆盖度高、干扰相对小的生境,且非传粉小蜂的存在对传粉榕小蜂的繁殖有着显著的负面影响。

Ficus are species-specifically pollinated by Chalcidoid wasps （Agaonidae）. Each monoecious fig species shelters a wasp community of pollinator and nonpollinators. Ficus benjamina is a monoecious tree worldwide cultivated for ornamental purposes, but the fig wasp community inside the syconium of this species is still little known. In order to study the fig wasp community structure of F. benjamina in different habitats, we collected 180 syconia from three different study sites distinct in plant coverage and disturbance level in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. In all syconia, 49,149 specimens were collected, consisting of 13 species of fig wasps from 8 genera of Chaleidoidae. Eupristina koningsbergeri was the pollinator, whereas the others were nonpollinators. The species diversity and abundance of the fig wasp community were significantly different in the three study sites, and were significantly higher in the site with high plant coverage and relatively little disturbance. This result indicates that nonpollinators are inclined to oviposit in flowers of F. benjamina in habitats with high plant coverage and relatively little disturbance. The data also suggest that the correlation between pollinator and nonpollinators inside the syconium is significantly negative.