“平垸行洪 退田还湖 移民建镇”对长江流域血吸虫病传播的影响

Studies on impact of “National 32 zi Policy” on schistosomiasis transmission along Yangtze River region

1998年洪涝灾害后,国务院制订了“平垸行洪、退田还湖、移民建镇”的治理方针。长江中下游实施该方针后,因居民暴露强度及移民建镇类型不同,导致血吸虫病疫情呈不同程度的变化。“高靠”型或傍堤移民建镇,居民、耕牛靠近垸外易感地带导致当地血吸虫病疫情上升;“外迁”型或傍山移民建镇因远离有螺洲滩,降低了儿童、老年人和妇女生活、娱乐性接触疫水频率,有利于控制血吸虫病疫情,但青壮年生产性接触疫水频率高低不一。应加强“平、退、移”的定点监测,对废弃堤垸加强管理和适当开发,加强疫区流动人群管理,加强健康教育以防止疫情回升。

State council formulated and i^ued the National 32 zi policy i.e. ＂Breaking dike or open sluice for water store, restoring lake from marshland, and relocation of farmers from endemic areas to newly established towns＂ after the flood disaster in 1998. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has changed due to different exposure intensity of local inhabitants and different types of ＂newly established towns＂ after the implement of the policy. The incidence of schistosomiasis rose in villages of building resettlement in high elevation or against bank near the susceptible zones with schistosomiasis, while the villages of ＂moving outside＇or building resettlement against hill benefited the control of schistosomiasis due to the decrease of the frequency of water contact for living and entertainment among the children, the old and women. But the frequency of water contact for adults is various. It is necessary to reinforce the point surveillance in the areas, to strengthen the management and the appropriate development on the discarded plains, to enhance the administration of migrating population in endemic areas and to promote health education for preventing re-rising incidence of schistosomiasis.