2005年中国人间狂犬病流行特征及分析

Epidemiological features and analysis on the human rabies in China in 2005

目的通过对2005年全国人间狂犬病监测数据的分析,描述了狂犬病的疫情特征,探讨狂犬病防制的重点策略和措施。方法利用全国法定传染病疫情网络直报和全国狂犬病监测点资料,进行流行病学描述和分析。结果中国狂犬病发病近年来呈快速增长趋势,2005年全国共报告狂犬病2537例,主要分布在贵州、广西、湖南等南方省区。发病人群主要是男性农民,多为青壮年。报告病例个案调查数据显示,高达38.3%～65.8%的病例未处理伤口,只有16.6%～35.0%的病例接种了疫苗,1.2%～16.6%的病例注射了抗血清。结论近年来人间狂犬病发病快速回升,疫情形势严重。暴露后处理和疫苗、抗血清接种不规范是造成疫情上升的重要因素。有关部门应加强合作,探索现阶段可行的预防控制策略和措施,遏制疫情的快速上升势头。

Objective The study was to analyze the surveillance data of rabies in China in 2005 and describe the epidemiological features of rabies in order to find the key strategies and measures for its prevention and control. Methods Epidemiological description and analysis were made on the data from Internet-based National Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting System and national rabies surveillance sentinels. Results A rapid increase in the incidence of rabies was found in China in the past several years. A total of 2537 cases were reported, predominantly distributed in Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan, etc. The young and middle-aged male peasants were predominantly affected. The individual case study indicated that as high as 38.3%-65.8% of the cases didn＇t have their wound treated, only 16.6%-35.0% vaccinated and 1.2%-16.6% injected with antiserum. Conclusion The incidence of human rabies increased rapidly with a serious epidemic situation. The main factor leading to increased epidemic are nonstandard post-exposure prophylaxis, vaccine inoculation and antiserum injection. The authorities concerned should strengthen cooperation to explore practical strategies and measures for rabies prevention and control to stop the rapid increase of rabies.