连作条件下设施黄瓜根际微生物种群结构及数量消长

Microbial population structures and variation of microbial communities in rhizosphere of cucumber potted in the soil obtained from continuous cropping green house

从黄瓜连种大棚以及黄瓜与番茄交替种植的大棚取土盆栽黄瓜,于开花期采集黄瓜根际土壤,用稀释平板法测定根际真菌、细菌、放线菌的数量;同时用最大或然数法测定根际氨氧化细菌、亚硝酸氧化细菌、好气性纤维素分解菌的数量。结果表明,设施土壤中微生物种群以细菌为主,其次为放线菌,真菌数量最少。黄瓜根际微生物总量的变化主要表现在细菌数量的变化上。随着设施土壤连作年限的增加,盆栽黄瓜根际微生物总量呈不明显上升趋势,其中真菌、细菌和放线菌以及氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸细菌的数量均随连作年限的增加而增加,且真菌增加幅度较大,细菌和放线菌增加幅度较小;纤维素分解菌数量则随连作年限的增加而减少。用黄瓜和番茄交替种植18年的设施土壤盆栽黄瓜,除了根际氨氧化细菌明显低于连作15年的土壤的外,根际真菌、细菌、放线菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量明显高于黄瓜连作多年的土壤,亚硝酸氧化细菌的数量也与15年黄瓜连作的土壤无明显差异而远远高于连作2年和7年土壤,说明不同作物春、秋季交替种植这一栽培方式更有利于土壤中各种微生物的积累,不失为一种好的栽培方式,应该提倡。

Potting cucumber plants in the soil, which is collected from green house in which cucumber was grown continuously or cucumber and tomato were planted alternately in spring and autumn for several years. Cucumber rhizosphere soil was collected at blossom for count of fungi, bacteria and actinomycete by diluting plate method, and ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria by Most Possible Number method. The results suggested that bacteria are predominant among all microbes, and variation of bacteria can represent that of microbes. With the years of continuous cropping of cucumber prolonging, total population of cucumber rhizosphere microbes increased slightly, among them, fungi, bacteria, actinomycete, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria showed increase, and cellulolytic anaerobic bacteria decrease. Results also showed that growing cucumber and tomato in spring and autumn alternately is beneficial for microbes accumulation in the soil.