理学的变脸与学人的变身——王阳明与书院综论

Transformation of Confucian School of Idealist Philosophy of the Song and Ming Dynasties and the Change of Identity of Scholars

王阳明是中国历史上罕见的一位文武双全的天才。他既是理学的代表,也是中国书院文化的象征。在王阳明身上始终充满着复杂的矛盾。他一方面探索并实践着圣人的大众化和通俗化理论,一方面他自己和门人又把他拔高到彻底超越大众的至高神位;一方面他表现出对朱熹所获得的神性般崇拜强烈不满,并且他不遗余力地从事着捣毁偶像的工作。结果是,拉下了一个上帝,自己又坐上了上帝的神位。

Wang Yangming is an unusual genius well versed in both polite letters and martial arts in Chinese history. He is not only a representative of the Confucian school of idealist philosophy of the Song and Ming dynasties, but also a symbol of academy of classical learning in ancient China. There are many kinds of contradictions in Wang Yangming himself. On the one hand, he explored and practised popular theory about how to make every man a saint, and on the other hand, he and his disciples did their utmost to apotheosize Wang Yangming and deconstruct the old myth about Zhuxi. And finally he realized his purpore of deposing a god and making himself a god.