玛曲气候变化对生态环境的影响

Impacts of Climate Change on Ecological Environment in Maqu Grassland,Gansu

通过对温度、降水等气候要素的分析,发现玛曲草原的气候向暖干化方向发展.依据黄河玛曲段年径流量、产流量以及冻土最大深度的变化和牧草产量、牲畜数量等经济指标,初步探讨了玛曲生态恶化的原因.结果表明:气候变化和人类不合理的活动是玛曲草原生态恶化的主要原因.气候变化造成蒸发增加,冻土变浅,黄河玛曲段年产流量急剧减少,牧草产量下降.同时,过度放牧等人类活动使牛羊肉产量的大幅度上升,加速了草场的退化.

Based the analysis on the climate, ecology and other economic factors in Maqu grassland, the causes of ecology deterioration are discussed. It is found that： 1） The climate has a trend of warming and drying; 2） the rapid decrease of runoff of the Yellow River in Maqu has something to do with evaporation and meat yields of flocks and herds, which is an index reflecting anthropic activities, besides, permafrost thawing, temperature rising and precipitation decreasing also play important roles; 3） the rapid decrease of grazing yield is associated closely with the dramatically increasing meat yields of flocks and herds, and also results from climate change, such as evaporation increasing and temperature rising. The conclusion is that climate change and the inconsequential anthropic activities result in the ecology deterioration in Maqu grassland.