眶上动脉蒂反流轴型耳颞皮瓣的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of auricular-temporal area reversal flow axial flap pedicled with supraorbital artery

目的：明确额部各供血血管系统之间的吻合情况,为临床各型额部皮瓣特别是跨血管系统反流轴型皮瓣的应用提供解剖学基础。方法：成人尸体头面部肉眼解剖,观察眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支的口径、走行和吻合状况等；成人头部标本制作血管铸型。结果：眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支走行基本恒定,且三者存在众多吻合,吻合支集中区域上距眶上缘(4．9±0．4)cm,下为眶上缘水平,内侧距离前正中线1．0～1．4cm,外侧距离前正中线4．5～2．3cm。结论：额部有眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支供血,吻合支丰富且吻合区域较恒定,故可制成多种类型的跨血管的反流式皮瓣。

Objective： To study the anatomy of the blood vessel of the frontal skin flap, especially the anastomosis among them, so as to provide basis for clinical application. Method： The position, caliber, track and distribution of the arteries in frontal area were observed on 15 cadavers preserved with formalin to identify the relationship between arteries and other tissues. Blood construction of frontal area were observed on 5 fresh adult cadavers by vascular cast. Results： Lots of anastomoses Were presented among supraorbital artery and supratrochear artery and the frontal branch of superficial temporal artery; the anastomoses concentrated in this region： the superior boundary was （4. 9＋0. 4） cm above the supraorbital; the inferior boundary was supraorbital; the medial of superior boundary was （1.0＋0. 2） em from the frontal medial line; the lateral terminal of superior boundary was （4. 5＋0. 4） em from the frontal-medial line The terminal of inferior boundary was （1.4＋0. 2） ern from the frontal-medial line; the lateral terminal of inferior boundary was （2. 3＋0. 5） em from the frontal-medial line Conclusion： Based on the multiple blood supply and invariable anastomoses among them, the frontal skin can be made into different kinds of flap.