长白山区珍稀濒危观赏植物优先保护定量研究

Quantitative Study of Conservation Priority of the Rare and Threatened Ornamental Plants in Changbai Mountains

长白山区属温带气候,野生观赏植物资源十分丰富。经过7年的野外调查和查阅文献资料,首次建立了以蕴藏系数、保护缓急程度等9项指标在内的定量评价珍稀濒危观赏植物指标体系。结果表明:长白山区目前804种野生观赏植物中,受到生存威胁的观赏植物种类共有57科、129属、170种。其中急需保护的有27科、43属、52种,分别占长白山区科、属、种总数的47.39%、33.33%、30.59%,代表种类主要有长白松(Pinus sylvestriform is)、东北红豆杉(Taxus cuspidata)、朝鲜崖柏(Thuja koraiensis)等;需要保护的有32科、53属、62种,分别占科、属、种总数的56.14%,41.09%,36.47%,代表种类主要有牛皮杜鹃(Rhododendron chrysanthum)、木通马兜铃(Aristoloehia man-shuriensis)、花楸树(Sorbus pohuashanensis)等;一般保护的有36科、48属、56种,分别占科、属、种总数的63.16%,37.21%,32.94%,代表种类主要有芍药(Paeonia lactiflora)、长白瑞香(Daphne koreana)、溪荪(Iris sanguinea)等。

The wild ornamental plant resources in Changbai Mountains are extremely rich, although this area belongs to temperate zone. An evaluation system of the resources including nine categories and criteria, such as contain coefficient, protection emergency degree, was established based on the data from references and our own seven-year field investigation. The results indicated that there are 804 species ornamental plants in Changbai Mountain area, but 170 species of 127 genera and 57 families are under the threat of survival. Of these, 52 species of 43 genera and 27 families are critically endangered and need to be protected urgently. They include Pinus sylvestriformis, Taxus cuspidata, Thuja koraiensis etc. The percentage to families, genera, and species is 47.39% ,33.33%, and 30.59% ,respectively. 62 species of 53 genera and 32 families are endangered, such as Rhododendron chrysanthum, Aristoloehia manshuriensis, Sorbus pohuashanensis etc. The percentage to families, genera, and species is 56.14%, 41.09%, and 36.47%, respectively. 56 species of 48 genera and 36 families are vulnerable, such as Paeonia lactiflora, Daphne koreana, Iris sanguinea etc. The percentage to families, genera, and species is 63.16% ,37.21% ,and 32.94% ,separately.