不同地区中小学生心理健康状况的调查

Mental health of primary and middle school students in different areas

目的:比较14个地区中小学生的心理健康水平。方法:于2002-11/2003-04采取分层抽样的方法,在全国14个地区小学一年级到高中三年级的在校中小学生中抽取普通样本10000名。分别采用儿童青少年心理问题筛查表和儿童青少年心理健康量表评估中小学生心理健康状况。儿童青少年心理问题筛查表共有15个分测验168个条目,按0,1计分,“是”计1分,“否”计0分,分数越低心理健康水平越高。儿童青少年心理健康量表有5个分量表24个条目,计分采用1,2,3,4分4个等级正向评分,分数越高表示心理健康水平越好。同时采用自制调查表进行学生家庭情况调查。内容包括经济水平、母亲文化程度、家庭类型、父母婚姻类型。并对所调查内容给以量化。调查时间设计在下学期和上学期开学初进行。并按照地域、经济和文化的相似性将14个地区分成10组进行统计。结果:发放问卷10000份,收回合格问卷9728份,有效率为97.28%。①温州市学生家庭经济水平较好,但母亲文化相对较低,父母婚姻原配相对较多;鞍山市铁东区、沈阳市铁西区、吉林省学生家庭经济水平相对较差,父母婚姻原配相对较少;黄山市学生母亲文化相对较低;长沙市、贵州市、河南省学生母亲文化相对较高。②各地区中小学生的儿少心理健康量表平均值差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。其中成都市和宜宾市、黄山市中小学生心理健康水平较差;长沙市、温州市、无锡市中小学生心理健康水平较好。③各地区中小学生的儿少心理问题筛查表评分显示无锡市、长沙市、温州市中小学生心理问题较少;黄山市、河南省中小学生心理问题较多。④不同家庭经济水平、不同母亲文化程度、不同家庭类型、不同父母婚姻状况的中小学生心理健康差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:不同地区的中小学生心理健康存在差异。无锡市、长沙市、温州市中小学生心理健康水平较好,贵州市、黄山市、河南省、成都市、宜宾市这几个地区中小学生心理健康水平较差。

AIM： To compare the mental health level of primary and middle school students in 14 areas. METHODS： With the stratified sampling method, 10 000 students from the Grade One of primary schools to Grade Three of high schools of 14 regions were selected between November 2002 and April 2003. Mental Health Screening Inventory of the children and adolescents and Mental Health Scale of the children and adolescents were adopted to evaluate their mental health condition. Mental Health Screening Inventory of the children and adolescents was composed of 15 subtests 168 items and counted 0 and 1 score, ＂yes＂ counted ＂1＂ score, ＂no＂ counted ＂0＂, the lower the scores the higher the mental health level. There were 5 subtests 24 items in the Mental Health Scale of the children and adolescents, in which the 1-4 grading system was adopted, the higher the scores the better the mental health. Meanwhile, the self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the family condition of students including economic status, mother＇s education degree, family pattern and parental marriage pattern. All the content was quantized. The investigation was conducted at the second term and the beginning of the first term, and the 14 regions were divided into 10 groups according to areas, economic and cultural similarity, RESULTS： Among the 10 000 questionnaires, 9 728 qualified ones were retrieved with the efficient rate of 97.28%. ①The economic level of the students in Wenzhoo was higher, but their mothers＇ educational degree were lower, and the first parental marriage occupied the majority; the economic level of the students in Tiedong District of Anshan, Tiexi District of Shenyang and Jilin Province was lower, and there were fewer fist parental marriage; the educational degree of students＇ mother of Huangshan was lower; but the educational degree of Changsha, Guizhou and Henan province was higher. ②There were significant differences in the mean scores of Mental Health Scale of the children and adolescents among students different areas （P 〈 0.05）. The mental health of Chengdu, Yibin and Huangshan were worse, the mental health of students of Changsha, Wenzhou and Wuxi was better. ③There were few mental problems in students of Wuxi, Changsha and Wenzhou, but more problems were found in students of Huangshan and Henan. ④There were significant differences in the mental health of students with different economics, educational degree of mothers, family formation, marital status of parents （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： The mental health of students in different areas are significantly different. The mental health students in Wuxi, Changsha and Wenzhou are better. But the mental health of students in Guizhou, Huangshan, Henan, Chengdu and Yibin are worse.