西部地区农村与城市教师心理健康水平的比较

Mental health level of rural teachers versus urban teachers in the west area of China

目的:了解西部地区农村与城市教师心理健康水平,并进行比较。方法:于2003-01/2004-12采用艾森克人格问卷、康奈尔医学指数问卷、焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和症状自评量表,对西部地区12省农村与城市小学至大学的6129名教师进行个性及心理健康水平的分层比例抽样调查,并进行比较。入组年龄18～62岁,平均34.17岁,其中农村教师1813名,城市教师4316名。性别条件中男女比例大致相等,民族条件中主要为汉族教师,个别为少数民族教师,但精通汉语。按照中国常模结果的划分标准,将焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、症状自评量表(按照1～5的5级评分方法)划分为轻、中、重三个等级。结果:共发放问卷6837份,收回有效问卷6129份,有效率为89.64%。①在艾森克人格问卷比较中,农村教师的精神质量表分高于城市教师,掩饰性量表分低于城市教师,差异有显著性意义(P<0.005)。②康奈尔医学指数问卷测试结果中,既往健康状况、抑郁、愤怒分项农村教师均分高于城市教师(P<0.001),眼和耳、心血管系统、肌肉骨骼系统、生殖泌尿系统、疲劳感、习惯分项为城市教师高于农村教师(P<0.001,P<0.05)。③农村教师的焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表总分以及症状自评量表总分、总均分、阳性项目数、10个因子分明显高于城市教师,差异显著(P<0.05)。农村教师焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和症状自评量表的阳性结果总检出率分别为36.46%,34.16%,39.38%,城市教师分别是26.85%,27.48%,32.68%,两者比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论:总体水平上,西部地区农村教师的心理健康水平要低于城市教师,有心理问题者比例高于城市教师,其现状不容忽视。

AIM： To study the level of mental health of rural and city teachers in west area and compare them. METHODS： Totally 6 129 teachers, including 1 813 rural teachers and 4 316 city teachers, who came from 12 provinces of west areas, were evaluated by using self-rating scales including Eysenck Personality Questionnaire （EPQ）, Cornell Medical Index （CMI）, Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） and Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） between January 2003 and December 2004, and the result were compared between rural teachers and city teachers. The subjects were of 18-62 years old with an average of 34.17. The proportion of males and that of females were similar, and most of them were Han population, a few were minority ethnic population, but mastered Chinese. According to the dividing criterion of China norm result, the SAS, SDS and SCL-90 （based on five rank scoring method of 1-5） were divided into mild, moderate and severe grades. RESULTS： In this survey, we gave out 6 837 questionnaires and took back 6 129, and the effective ratewas 89.64%. ①In EPQ＇s comparison between rural and city teachers, the scores of P scale in rural teachers was higher and L scale was lower than that of city teachers and they had significant differences （P 〈 0.005）. ②In 18 branching scale of CMI＇s comparison between rural and city teachers, scores of former healthy status, depression, anger were higher in rural teachers than in city teachers （P 〈 0.001）; Scores of eye and ear, cardiovascular system, muscle skeletal system, reproduction urinary system, fatigue, habituation were higher in city teachers than in rural teachers （P 〈 0.001 ,P 〈 0.05）. ③Comparative result of SAS, SDS and SCL-90 was that total mean scores in rural teachers was obviously higher than that of city teachers, and had significant difference （P 〈 0.05）. The total positive rates of mental problems in SAS, SDS and SCL-90 were 36.46%, 34.16%, 39.38%, respectively in rural teachers, and 26.85%, 27.48% and 32.68%, respectively in city teachers, and there were significant differences between them （P 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： In whole level, the mental health level of rural teachers is lower than that of city teachers, and the proportion of rural teachers who have mental problem is higher than that of city teachers, so their status do not neglect.